Tamas tv ajnana-jam viddhi mohanam sarva-dehinam, pramadalasya-nidraabhis tan nibadhnati bharata
Know that tamas (ignorance) is born from ignorance and deludes all embodied beings. It binds by carelessness, laziness, and sleep, O Arjuna. Tamas is the grossest mode — it covers the light of awareness entirely with inertia and delusion.
- •Tamas arises from ignorance and delusion
- •The mode of ignorance binds through laziness and sleep
- •Tamas is the greatest obstacle to spiritual progress
ayuktah prakritah stabdhah satho naiskritiko 'lasah visadi dirgha-sutri ca karta tamasa ucyate
The doer who is undisciplined, vulgar, stubborn, deceitful, malicious, lazy, despondent, and procrastinating is called tamasic. This description paints a vivid portrait of the spiritually degraded actor who brings suffering to themselves and others.
- •The tamasic doer is marked by indiscipline, deceit, laziness, and malice
- •Despondency and procrastination are signs of tamas dominating one's character
- •Tamasic agency degrades both the actor and the quality of the action
yad agre canubandhe ca sukham mohanam atmanah nidralasya-pramadottham tat tamasam udahritam
The happiness that deludes the soul both in the beginning and in consequence, arising from sleep, sloth, and negligence — that is declared to be tamasic happiness. Tamasic pleasure numbs rather than nourishes, deepening delusion.
- •Tamasic happiness deludes both at the outset and in its consequences
- •Sleep, laziness, and negligence are the roots of tamasic pleasure
- •Unlike rajasic pleasure that starts well, tamasic pleasure is deluding from start to finish