Focus on action, not outcomes
Karmany evadhikaras te ma phalesu kadacana, ma karma-phala-hetur bhur ma te sango 'stv akarmani
You have a right to perform your prescribed duty, but you are not entitled to the fruits of action. Never consider yourself the cause of the results of your activities, and never be attached to not doing your duty.
- •Detachment from results
- •Duty over desire
Equanimity in success and failure
Yoga-sthah kuru karmani sangam tyaktva dhananjaya, siddhy-asiddhyoh samo bhutva samatvam yoga ucyate
Perform your duty equipoised, O Arjuna, abandoning all attachment to success or failure. Such equanimity is called yoga.
- •Balance is the essence of yoga
- •Detachment brings peace
Action is better than inaction
Niyatam kuru karma tvam karma jyayo hy akarmanah, sharira-yatrapi ca te na prasiddhyed akarmanah
You should thus perform your prescribed Vedic duties, since action is superior to inaction. By ceasing activity, even your bodily maintenance will not be possible.
- •Even survival requires action
- •Fulfill your responsibilities
Spiritual effort is never wasted
Partha naiveha namutra vinashas tasya vidyate, na hi kalyana-krit kashchid durgatim tata gacchati
O Arjuna, neither in this world nor in the next is there destruction for such a person. Never does one who does good come to grief.
- •Good actions always bear fruit
- •No sincere seeker is lost
Every spiritual effort counts
Nehabhikrama-nasho 'sti pratyavayo na vidyate, svalpam apy asya dharmasya trayate mahato bhayat
In this path, no effort is wasted and no loss is suffered. Even a little progress on this path protects one from the most fearful danger.
- •No practice is too small
- •Protection comes from righteous action
Accept imperfection in your path
Saha-jam karma kaunteya sa-dosham api na tyajet, sarvarambha hi dosena dhumenagnir ivavritah
One should not abandon one's natural work, even if it has some fault, O Arjuna. Indeed, all undertakings are enveloped by some fault, as fire is by smoke.
- •Don't abandon your dharma
- •All actions have some defects
Consistent detached action leads to liberation
Tasmad asaktah satatam karyam karma samachara, asakto hy acharan karma param apnoti purushah
Therefore, without attachment, constantly perform action which is duty, for by performing action without attachment, one attains the Supreme.
- •Never abandon duty
- •Supreme goal through selfless service
Contentment (nitya-tripta) transforms all action into non-action
Tyaktva karma-phalasangam nitya-tripto nirasrayah, karmany abhipravrittoapi naiva kimcit karoti sah
Having abandoned all attachment to the fruits of action, always content and without any dependence, such a person, even while engaged in action, does not do anything at all.
- •Inner independence and detachment from results equals true freedom
- •Activity with no ego-claim is equivalent to non-activity in terms of karma
Equanimity toward all outcomes is the hallmark of the liberated
Yadriccha-labha-santushtho dvandvatito vimatsarah, samah siddhav asiddhau ca kritvapi na nibadhyate
Content with whatever comes of its own accord, free from duality, without envy, equal in success and failure — even while acting, such a person is not bound.
- •Contentment with what arrives naturally is the highest abundance
- •Freedom from the pairs of opposites dissolves karmic bondage
Treat opposites with equanimity
Sukha-duhkhe same kritva labhalabhau jayajayau, tato yuddhaya yujyasva naivam papam avapsyasi
Fight for the sake of duty, treating alike happiness and distress, loss and gain, victory and defeat. Fulfilling your responsibility in this way, you will never incur sin.
- •Duty transcends personal preference
- •Balanced action prevents karma
Sattvic tyaga means acting from pure duty without attachment or desire for reward
karyam ity eva yat karma niyatam kriyate 'rjuna sangam tyaktva phalam caiva sa tyagah sattviko matah
When obligatory action is performed simply because it ought to be done, with attachment and desire for results abandoned, that renunciation is considered sattvic. This is the highest form of tyaga and the one Krishna recommends.
- •The sattvic renunciant acts because action is right, not for personal gain
- •This is the ideal blending of karma yoga and jnana — action in wisdom
True tyaga brings equanimity — neither aversion nor attachment to any action
na dvesty akusalam karma kusale nanusajjate tyagi sattva-samavisto medhavi chinna-samsayah
The sattvic renunciant, filled with goodness and free from doubt, neither hates disagreeable action nor clings to agreeable action. Such a wise person has cut through all doubts and acts with equanimity in all situations.
- •The wise renunciant is free from doubt and not swayed by likes or dislikes
- •Sattva-filled intelligence enables unbiased, undisturbed engagement with duty
Self-mastery is essential
Uddhared atmanatmanam natmanam avasadayet, atmaiva hy atmano bandhur atmaiva ripur atmanah
Elevate yourself through the power of your mind, and not degrade yourself. The mind can be the friend and also the enemy of the self.
- •The mind can uplift or destroy
- •Take responsibility for your own growth
Yoga means freedom from suffering
Tam vidyad duhkha-samyoga-viyogam yoga-samjnitam, sa nishchayena yoktavyo yogo 'nirviinna-chetasa
The state of freedom from all miseries is known as yoga. This yoga should be practiced with determination and an undepressed mind.
- •Practice requires determination
- •Maintain positive mindset
Divine presence ensures success
Yatra yogeshvarah krishno yatra partho dhanur-dharah, tatra shrir vijayo bhutir dhruva nitir matir mama
Wherever there is Krishna, the master of all mystics, and wherever there is Arjuna, the supreme archer, there will also certainly be opulence, victory, extraordinary power, and morality.
- •Unity of devotion and action brings victory
- •Righteousness combined with skill is invincible
Stay true to your own path
Shreyan sva-dharmo vigunah para-dharmat sv-anushthitat, sva-dharme nidhanam shreyah para-dharmo bhayavahah
It is far better to discharge one's prescribed duties, even though faultily, than another's duties perfectly. Better to die performing one's own duty than adopt another's, for that is dangerous.
- •Authenticity over perfection
- •Each person's dharma is unique
Imperfect svadharma is superior to perfectly executed paradharma
sreyan sva-dharmo vigunah para-dharmat sv-anusthitat sva-bhava-niyatam karma kurvan napnoti kilbisam
Better is one's own duty, though imperfectly performed, than the duty of another well performed. By performing duty ordained by one's own nature, one does not incur sin. This echoes the teaching of chapter three on the primacy of svadharma.
- •One's natural duty shields one from sin even when executed imperfectly
- •Authenticity to one's own nature is the basis of dharmic living
Sensory experiences are temporary
Matra-sparshas tu kaunteya shitoshna-sukha-duhkha-dah, agamapayino 'nityas tams titikshasva bharata
O son of Kunti, the contact between the senses and sense objects gives rise to fleeting perceptions of happiness and distress. These are impermanent, and come and go like the winter and summer seasons. O descendant of Bharata, one must learn to tolerate them without being disturbed.
- •Develop tolerance for discomfort
- •Don't be swayed by passing phenomena
Equanimity is the path to immortality
Yam hi na vyathayanty ete purusham purusharshabha, sama-duhkha-sukham dhiram so 'mritatvaya kalpate
O best among men, the person who is not disturbed by happiness and distress and is steady in both is certainly eligible for liberation.
- •Balance in pleasure and pain
- •Mental steadiness leads to liberation
The Brahman-knower is not swayed by pleasant or unpleasant events
Na prahrisyet priyam prapya nodvijet prapya capriyam, sthira-buddhir asammudho brahma-vid brahmani sthitah
One who is not elated upon receiving the pleasant and not disturbed upon receiving the unpleasant, with steady intellect and undeluded — such a knower of Brahman is established in Brahman. Emotional equanimity in both pleasure and pain is the sign of the Brahman-knower.
- •Steady intellect and freedom from delusion mark the realized person
- •Establishment in Brahman transcends all emotional fluctuation