Equanimity in pleasure and pain
Duhkhesv anudvigna-manah sukhesu vigata-sprhah, vita-raga-bhaya-krodhah sthita-dhir munir ucyate
One who is not disturbed in spite of miseries, who doesn't crave happiness, and who is free from attachment, fear, and anger, is called a sage of steady mind.
- •Freedom from reactive emotions
- •Mental stability through detachment
Thought leads to attachment
Dhyayato visayan pumsah sangas tesupajayate, sangat sanjayate kamah kamat krodho 'bhijayate
While contemplating the objects of the senses, a person develops attachment for them. From attachment develops desire, and from desire arises anger.
- •Desire stems from attachment
- •Anger arises from unfulfilled desire
Anger destroys discrimination
Krodhad bhavati sammohah sammohat smriti-vibhramah, smriti-bhramshad buddhi-nasho buddhi-nashat pranashyati
From anger comes delusion; from delusion, confused memory; from confused memory, the ruin of reason; from the ruin of reason, one perishes.
- •The downward spiral of negative emotions
- •Protect your mental clarity
Lust and anger are the primary enemies
Shri bhagavan uvaca: Kama esha krodha esha rajo-guna-samudbhavah, mahasano maha-papma viddhy enam iha vairinam
The Supreme Lord said: It is lust and anger, born of the mode of passion, that compel one to sin. They are the all-devouring, sinful enemies in this world.
- •They arise from passion and agitation
- •Recognize them as obstacles to growth
Lust obscures true knowledge
Dhumenavriyate vahnir yathadarso malena ca, yatholbenavrto garbhas tatha tenedam avritam
As fire is covered by smoke, as a mirror by dust, and as an embryo is covered by the womb, similarly one's knowledge is covered by this lust.
- •Different degrees of covering
- •Clearing the mind of desire
Use higher self to control lower self
Evam buddheh param buddhva samstabhyatmanam atmana, jahi shatrum maha-baho kama-rupam durasadam
Thus knowing the soul to be superior to the material intellect, O mighty-armed Arjuna, subdue the self by the self and conquer lust, the formidable enemy.
- •Lust is the formidable enemy
- •Self-mastery through self-knowledge
Three primary obstacles identified
Tri-vidham narakasyedam dvaram nashanam atmanah, kamah krodhas tatha lobhas tasmad etat trayam tyajet
There are three gates leading to self-destruction and hell: lust, anger, and greed. Therefore, one should abandon these three.
- •They lead to downfall
- •Must be consciously renounced
Sensory experiences are temporary
Matra-sparshas tu kaunteya shitoshna-sukha-duhkha-dah, agamapayino 'nityas tams titikshasva bharata
O son of Kunti, the contact between the senses and sense objects gives rise to fleeting perceptions of happiness and distress. These are impermanent, and come and go like the winter and summer seasons. O descendant of Bharata, one must learn to tolerate them without being disturbed.
- •Develop tolerance for discomfort
- •Don't be swayed by passing phenomena
Equanimity is the path to immortality
Yam hi na vyathayanty ete purusham purusharshabha, sama-duhkha-sukham dhiram so 'mritatvaya kalpate
O best among men, the person who is not disturbed by happiness and distress and is steady in both is certainly eligible for liberation.
- •Balance in pleasure and pain
- •Mental steadiness leads to liberation
Self-mastery is essential
Uddhared atmanatmanam natmanam avasadayet, atmaiva hy atmano bandhur atmaiva ripur atmanah
Elevate yourself through the power of your mind, and not degrade yourself. The mind can be the friend and also the enemy of the self.
- •The mind can uplift or destroy
- •Take responsibility for your own growth
Mental conquest leads to supreme peace
Jitatmanah prasantasya paramatma samahitah, shitoshna-sukha-duhkheshu tatha manapamanayoh
One who has conquered the mind has already reached the Supreme Self, for they have attained tranquility. To such a person, happiness and distress, heat and cold, honor and dishonor are all the same.
- •Equanimity in all conditions
- •Transcending dualities
Understanding the root of harmful action
Arjuna uvaca: Atha kena prayukto 'yam papam charati purushah, anicchann api varshneya balad iva niyojitah
Arjuna said: O Krishna, what is it that drives a person to commit sin, even unwillingly, as if by force?
- •The compulsion behind negative behaviors
- •Questioning our motivations
Cultivate universal friendliness
Adveshta sarva-bhutanam maitrah karuna eva cha, nirmamo nirahankarah sama-duhkha-sukhah kshami
One who is not envious but a kind friend to all living entities, free from proprietorship and false ego, equal in happiness and distress, forgiving.
- •Let go of ego and possessiveness
- •Maintain equanimity in all situations
Divine qualities to cultivate
Abhayam sattva-samsuddhir jnana-yoga-vyavasthitih, danam damas cha yajnas cha svadhyayas tapa arjavam
Fearlessness, purity of heart, steadfastness in knowledge and yoga, charity, self-control, sacrifice, study of scriptures, austerity, and straightforwardness.
- •Fearlessness is foundational
- •Purity of heart is essential
More divine qualities to cultivate
Ahimsa satyam akrodhas tyagah shantir apaishunam, daya bhuteshv aloluptvam mardavam hrir achapalam
Non-violence, truthfulness, absence of anger, renunciation, tranquility, absence of slander, compassion toward all, absence of greed, gentleness, modesty, and steadiness.
- •Comprehensive list of virtues
- •Blueprint for character development
Strength combined with humility
Tejah kshama dhritih shaucham adroho nati-manita, bhavanti sampadam daivim abhijatasya bharata
Vigor, forgiveness, fortitude, purity, absence of malice, and absence of pride—these qualities belong to those endowed with divine nature, O Arjuna.
- •Purity without pride
- •Divine character is multifaceted