Stay true to your own path
Shreyan sva-dharmo vigunah para-dharmat sv-anushthitat, sva-dharme nidhanam shreyah para-dharmo bhayavahah
It is far better to discharge one's prescribed duties, even though faultily, than another's duties perfectly. Better to die performing one's own duty than adopt another's, for that is dangerous.
- •Authenticity over perfection
- •Each person's dharma is unique
Imperfect svadharma is superior to perfectly executed paradharma
sreyan sva-dharmo vigunah para-dharmat sv-anusthitat sva-bhava-niyatam karma kurvan napnoti kilbisam
Better is one's own duty, though imperfectly performed, than the duty of another well performed. By performing duty ordained by one's own nature, one does not incur sin. This echoes the teaching of chapter three on the primacy of svadharma.
- •One's natural duty shields one from sin even when executed imperfectly
- •Authenticity to one's own nature is the basis of dharmic living
Equanimity in success and failure
Yoga-sthah kuru karmani sangam tyaktva dhananjaya, siddhy-asiddhyoh samo bhutva samatvam yoga ucyate
Perform your duty equipoised, O Arjuna, abandoning all attachment to success or failure. Such equanimity is called yoga.
- •Balance is the essence of yoga
- •Detachment brings peace
Contentment (nitya-tripta) transforms all action into non-action
Tyaktva karma-phalasangam nitya-tripto nirasrayah, karmany abhipravrittoapi naiva kimcit karoti sah
Having abandoned all attachment to the fruits of action, always content and without any dependence, such a person, even while engaged in action, does not do anything at all.
- •Inner independence and detachment from results equals true freedom
- •Activity with no ego-claim is equivalent to non-activity in terms of karma
The Brahman-knower is not swayed by pleasant or unpleasant events
Na prahrisyet priyam prapya nodvijet prapya capriyam, sthira-buddhir asammudho brahma-vid brahmani sthitah
One who is not elated upon receiving the pleasant and not disturbed upon receiving the unpleasant, with steady intellect and undeluded — such a knower of Brahman is established in Brahman. Emotional equanimity in both pleasure and pain is the sign of the Brahman-knower.
- •Steady intellect and freedom from delusion mark the realized person
- •Establishment in Brahman transcends all emotional fluctuation
Equanimity toward all outcomes is the hallmark of the liberated
Yadriccha-labha-santushtho dvandvatito vimatsarah, samah siddhav asiddhau ca kritvapi na nibadhyate
Content with whatever comes of its own accord, free from duality, without envy, equal in success and failure — even while acting, such a person is not bound.
- •Contentment with what arrives naturally is the highest abundance
- •Freedom from the pairs of opposites dissolves karmic bondage
Equanimity in pleasure and pain
Duhkhesv anudvigna-manah sukhesu vigata-sprhah, vita-raga-bhaya-krodhah sthita-dhir munir ucyate
One who is not disturbed in spite of miseries, who doesn't crave happiness, and who is free from attachment, fear, and anger, is called a sage of steady mind.
- •Freedom from reactive emotions
- •Mental stability through detachment
Cultivate universal friendliness
Adveshta sarva-bhutanam maitrah karuna eva cha, nirmamo nirahankarah sama-duhkha-sukhah kshami
One who is not envious but a kind friend to all living entities, free from proprietorship and false ego, equal in happiness and distress, forgiving.
- •Let go of ego and possessiveness
- •Maintain equanimity in all situations
Contentment is a spiritual quality
Santushṭaḥ satataṁ yogī yatātmā dṛiḍha-niśhchayaḥ, mayy arpita-mano-buddhir yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ
Ever content, steadfast in meditation, self-controlled, and of firm resolve, with mind and intellect offered to Me—such devotees are very dear to Me.
- •Self-control combined with devotion
- •Firm resolve pleases God
Mental conquest leads to supreme peace
Jitatmanah prasantasya paramatma samahitah, shitoshna-sukha-duhkheshu tatha manapamanayoh
One who has conquered the mind has already reached the Supreme Self, for they have attained tranquility. To such a person, happiness and distress, heat and cold, honor and dishonor are all the same.
- •Equanimity in all conditions
- •Transcending dualities
Steady wisdom comes from abandoning all desires of the mind
Sri bhagavan uvaca: prajahati yada kaman sarvan partha mano-gatan atmany evatmana tushtah sthita-prajnas tadocyate
Krishna replies: One is said to be one of steady wisdom when he gives up all desires of the mind, finding contentment in the pure self alone. The sthitaprajna is one who has completely abandoned all desires born of the mind and finds perfect contentment within the self. This inner self-sufficiency is the mark of the enlightened.
- •The liberated person is content in the self alone
- •Self-sufficiency without external dependence is the sign of the wise
Self-realized have transcended duty
Yas tv atma-ratir eva syad atma-triptas ca manavah, atmany eva ca santushtas tasya karyam na vidyate
But those who rejoice in the self, who are illumined and fully satisfied in the self, for them there is no duty.
- •Inner satisfaction is the goal
- •Beyond obligatory action
Inner joy transcends external pleasures
Bahya-sparseshv asaktatma vindaty atmani yat sukham, sa brahma-yoga-yuktatma sukham akshayam ashnute
Those who are not attached to external sense pleasures realize divine bliss in the self. Being united with God through meditation, they experience unending happiness.
- •Divine connection brings lasting happiness
- •Detachment from senses leads to bliss
Complete detachment from outcomes
Asakta-buddhih sarvatra jitatma vigata-sprihah, naishkarmya-siddhim paramam sannyasenadhigacchati
Those whose intellect is unattached everywhere, who have mastered the self and are free from desires, attain through renunciation the supreme state of freedom from action.
- •Self-mastery and desirelessness
- •Ultimate freedom through renunciation
The devotee does not agitate others
Yasmān nodvijate loko lokān nodvijate cha yaḥ, harṣhāmarṣha-bhayodvegair mukto yaḥ sa cha me priyaḥ
One by whom the world is not disturbed, and who is not disturbed by the world, who is free from joy, envy, fear, and anxiety — such a one is dear to Me.
- •Equanimity in all emotional states is a mark of the dear devotee
- •Freedom from agitation inward and outward pleases God
Cultivate essential spiritual virtues
Amanitvam adambhitvam ahimsa kshantir arjavam, acharyopasanam shaucham sthairyam atma-vinigrahah
Humility, unpretentiousness, non-violence, forgiveness, simplicity, approaching a bona fide spiritual master, cleanliness, steadiness, and self-control.
- •Character development is foundational
- •Practice humility and self-control
Divine qualities to cultivate
Abhayam sattva-samsuddhir jnana-yoga-vyavasthitih, danam damas cha yajnas cha svadhyayas tapa arjavam
Fearlessness, purity of heart, steadfastness in knowledge and yoga, charity, self-control, sacrifice, study of scriptures, austerity, and straightforwardness.
- •Fearlessness is foundational
- •Purity of heart is essential
More divine qualities to cultivate
Ahimsa satyam akrodhas tyagah shantir apaishunam, daya bhuteshv aloluptvam mardavam hrir achapalam
Non-violence, truthfulness, absence of anger, renunciation, tranquility, absence of slander, compassion toward all, absence of greed, gentleness, modesty, and steadiness.
- •Comprehensive list of virtues
- •Blueprint for character development
Sense control is foundational to both paths
Sanniyamyendriya-grāmaṁ sarvatra sama-buddhayaḥ, te prāpnuvanti mām eva sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ
Those who, with complete control of the senses and with equal-mindedness in all conditions, are engaged in the welfare of all beings — they also come to Me.
- •Equal-mindedness toward all is essential
- •Service to all beings is a form of reaching God
Mind attains perfect quietude
Yatroparamate chittam niruddham yoga-sevaya, yatra chaivatmanatmanam pashyann atmani tushyati
When the mind, restrained by the practice of yoga, attains quietude, and when beholding the self by the self, one is satisfied in the self.
- •Self-realization brings satisfaction
- •Seeing the self in the self