The soul is eternal and unchanging
Dehino'smin yatha dehe kaumaram yauvanam jara, tatha dehantara-praptir dhiras tatra na muhyati
As the embodied soul continuously passes through childhood, youth, and old age, the soul similarly passes into another body at death. A sober person is not bewildered by such a change.
- •Physical changes don't affect the soul
- •Death is merely a transition
The soul is eternal, bodies are temporary
Vasamsi jirnani yatha vihaya navani grhnati naro 'parani, tatha sharirani vihaya jirnany anyani samyati navani dehi
As a person sheds worn-out garments and wears new ones, likewise, at the time of death, the soul casts off its worn-out body and enters a new one.
- •Death is merely a transition
- •Fear of death stems from ignorance
The soul is indestructible
Nainam chindanti shastrani nainam dahati pavakah, na chainam kledayanty apo na shoshayati marutah
Weapons cannot shred the soul, nor can fire burn it. Water cannot wet it, nor can the wind dry it.
- •Physical forces cannot harm the eternal self
- •True nature is beyond material elements
The eternal nature of consciousness
Acchedyo 'yam adahyo 'yam akledyo 'shoshya eva ca, nityah sarva-gatah sthanur acalo 'yam sanatanah
This soul is unbreakable and insoluble, and can neither be burned nor dried. It is everlasting, present everywhere, unchangeable, immovable and eternally the same.
- •Soul is omnipresent and unchanging
- •The permanent amid impermanence
True wisdom sees unity in diversity
Vidya-vinaya-sampanne brahmane gavi hastini, shuni caiva shvapake ca panditah sama-darshinah
The humble sages, by virtue of true knowledge, see with equal vision a learned and gentle brahmana, a cow, an elephant, a dog, and a dog-eater.
- •Look beyond external differences
- •The wise see the soul in all beings
Unified consciousness sees oneness
Sarva-bhuta-stham atmanam sarva-bhutani chatmani, ikshate yoga-yuktatma sarvatra sama-darshanah
The yogis, who are united in consciousness, see the soul in all beings and all beings in the soul. They see the same in all.
- •All beings contain the same soul
- •True vision sees no separation
God's impartial love for all
Samo 'ham sarva-bhuteshu na me dveshyo 'sti na priyah, ye bhajanti tu mam bhaktya mayi te teshu chapy aham
I am equal to all beings; none is hateful or dear to Me. But those who worship Me with devotion are in Me, and I am in them.
- •Devotion creates intimacy
- •We find God when we seek Him
Ultimate teaching: complete surrender
Sarva-dharman parityajya mam ekam sharanam vraja, aham tvam sarva-papebhyo mokshayishyami ma shuchah
Abandon all varieties of dharmas and simply surrender unto Me alone. I shall liberate you from all sinful reactions; do not fear.
- •Divine grace liberates from all karma
- •Let go of fear and trust completely
Knowledge is the most powerful purifier
Yathaidhamsi samiddho 'gnir bhasmasat kurute 'rjuna, jnanagnih sarva-karmani bhasmasat kurute tatha
As a blazing fire turns wood to ashes, O Arjuna, so the fire of knowledge burns all karmic reactions to ashes.
- •All past karma is dissolved by the flame of jnana
- •This simile shows the completeness of knowledge's transforming power
Detached action purifies the soul
Brahmany adhaya karmani sangam tyaktva karoti yah, lipyate na sa papena padma-patram ivambhasa
One who performs their duty without attachment, surrendering the results to the Supreme, is unaffected by sinful action, as the lotus leaf is untouched by water.
- •Like a lotus in water, be in the world but not of it
- •Surrender leads to freedom
Equanimity is the hallmark of Brahman-realization
Ihaiva tair jitah sargo yesham samye sthitam manah, nirdosham hi samam brahma tasmad brahmani te sthitah
Even here in this world, those whose minds rest in equanimity have conquered birth; since Brahman is flawless and equal, they are established in Brahman. Equanimity of mind is not merely a virtue — it is the direct perception of Brahman's nature.
- •The liberated person conquers the cycle of birth even while living
- •Brahman is flawless and equal — seeing this is liberation
See yourself in all beings
Atmaupamyena sarvatra samam pashyati yo 'rjuna, sukham va yadi va duhkham sa yogi paramo matah
Those who see with equal vision their own self in all beings, and all beings in their own self, whether in happiness or in distress, are considered to be perfect yogis.
- •Universal empathy and compassion
- •This vision defines a perfect yogi
Sincere devotion transcends past sins
Api chet suduracharo bhajate mam ananya-bhak, sadhur eva sa mantavyah samyag vyavasito hi sah
Even if someone commits the most abominable actions, if they worship Me with exclusive devotion, they are to be considered saintly, for they have made the proper resolve.
- •Right intention is transformative
- •God accepts all who turn to Him
All creation stems from consciousness and matter
Yavat sanjayate kinchit sattvam sthavara-jangamam, kshetra-kshetrajña-samyogat tad viddhi bharatarshabha
Know, O Arjuna, that whatever being, moving or non-moving, is born, it is from the union between the field and the knower of the field.
- •The interplay of spirit and material
- •Understanding the basis of existence
True vision perceives the Divine equally in all beings
Samam sarveshu bhutesu tishthantam parameshvaram, vinashyatsv avinashyantam yah pashyati sa pashyati
One who sees the Supreme Lord equally present in all beings, the imperishable within the perishable — that person truly sees. The hallmark of genuine realization is the perception of the Divine equally in all forms of existence.
- •The imperishable Supersoul dwells within all perishable forms
- •Equal vision toward all beings marks the realized soul
The soul is unborn, deathless, and eternal
Na jayate mriyate va kadacin nayam bhutva bhavita va na bhuyah ajo nityah shashvato 'yam purano na hanyate hanyamane sharire
The soul is never born nor dies at any time. It has not come into being, does not come into being, and will not come into being. It is unborn, eternal, ever-existing, and primeval. It is not slain when the body is slain. This is one of the most celebrated descriptions of the immortal Atman in all scripture.
- •Birth and death apply only to the body, not the self
- •Knowledge of the soul's immortality destroys the fear of death
All sincere devotees are noble regardless of their level
Udarah sarva evaite jnani tv atmaiva me matam, asthitah sa hi yuktatma mam evanuttamam gatim
All these devotees are certainly noble souls, but I consider the jnani to be My very Self. Established in yoga, the jnani has attained Me as the supreme goal. While all four types of devotees are noble, the enlightened devotee (jnani) who sees no distinction between self and God is considered the most exalted.
- •The jnani realizes non-difference between self and God
- •The highest yoga is to see the Supreme as one's own true nature
Devotees transform quickly
Kshipram bhavati dharmatma shashvac-chantim nigacchati, kaunteya pratijanihi na me bhaktah pranashyati
Quickly they become righteous and attain lasting peace. O son of Kunti, declare it boldly that My devotee never perishes.
- •Lasting peace is assured
- •Divine protection is certain
God is present in all hearts
Aham atma gudakesha sarva-bhutashaya-sthitah, aham adish cha madhyam cha bhutanam anta eva cha
I am the self, O Gudakesha, seated in the hearts of all beings. I am the beginning, middle, and end of all beings.
- •Divine presence in all phases of existence
- •From beginning to end, all is divine
All souls are divine sparks
Mamaivamsho jiva-loke jiva-bhutah sanatanah, manah-shashthanindriyani prakrti-sthani karshati
The living entities in this conditioned world are My eternal fragmental parts. Due to conditioned life, they are struggling very hard with the six senses, which include the mind.
- •We are eternally connected to the source
- •The material struggle is temporary