Overcome weakness and hesitation
Klaibyam ma sma gamah partha naitat tvayy upapadyate, kshudram hridaya-daurbalyam tyaktvottishtha parantapa
O Partha, do not yield to this degrading impotence. It does not become you. Give up such petty weakness of heart and arise, O chastiser of the enemy.
- •Rise above self-pity
- •Courage is essential for growth
The soul is eternal and unchanging
Dehino'smin yatha dehe kaumaram yauvanam jara, tatha dehantara-praptir dhiras tatra na muhyati
As the embodied soul continuously passes through childhood, youth, and old age, the soul similarly passes into another body at death. A sober person is not bewildered by such a change.
- •Physical changes don't affect the soul
- •Death is merely a transition
The soul is eternal, bodies are temporary
Vasamsi jirnani yatha vihaya navani grhnati naro 'parani, tatha sharirani vihaya jirnany anyani samyati navani dehi
As a person sheds worn-out garments and wears new ones, likewise, at the time of death, the soul casts off its worn-out body and enters a new one.
- •Death is merely a transition
- •Fear of death stems from ignorance
The soul is indestructible
Nainam chindanti shastrani nainam dahati pavakah, na chainam kledayanty apo na shoshayati marutah
Weapons cannot shred the soul, nor can fire burn it. Water cannot wet it, nor can the wind dry it.
- •Physical forces cannot harm the eternal self
- •True nature is beyond material elements
The eternal nature of consciousness
Acchedyo 'yam adahyo 'yam akledyo 'shoshya eva ca, nityah sarva-gatah sthanur acalo 'yam sanatanah
This soul is unbreakable and insoluble, and can neither be burned nor dried. It is everlasting, present everywhere, unchangeable, immovable and eternally the same.
- •Soul is omnipresent and unchanging
- •The permanent amid impermanence
Self-mastery is essential
Uddhared atmanatmanam natmanam avasadayet, atmaiva hy atmano bandhur atmaiva ripur atmanah
Elevate yourself through the power of your mind, and not degrade yourself. The mind can be the friend and also the enemy of the self.
- •The mind can uplift or destroy
- •Take responsibility for your own growth
Focus on action, not outcomes
Karmany evadhikaras te ma phalesu kadacana, ma karma-phala-hetur bhur ma te sango 'stv akarmani
You have a right to perform your prescribed duty, but you are not entitled to the fruits of action. Never consider yourself the cause of the results of your activities, and never be attached to not doing your duty.
- •Detachment from results
- •Duty over desire
Ultimate teaching: complete surrender
Sarva-dharman parityajya mam ekam sharanam vraja, aham tvam sarva-papebhyo mokshayishyami ma shuchah
Abandon all varieties of dharmas and simply surrender unto Me alone. I shall liberate you from all sinful reactions; do not fear.
- •Divine grace liberates from all karma
- •Let go of fear and trust completely
Divine grace supports sincere devotees
Ananya-chintayanto mam ye janah paryupasate, tesham nityabhiyuktanam yoga-kshemam vahamy aham
To those who are constantly devoted and worship Me with love, I give the understanding by which they can come to Me.
- •Constant devotion attracts divine help
- •Faith and dedication are rewarded
Every spiritual effort counts
Nehabhikrama-nasho 'sti pratyavayo na vidyate, svalpam apy asya dharmasya trayate mahato bhayat
In this path, no effort is wasted and no loss is suffered. Even a little progress on this path protects one from the most fearful danger.
- •No practice is too small
- •Protection comes from righteous action
Surrender all actions to the divine
Mayi sarvani karmani sannyasyadhyatma-cetasa, nirashir nirmamo bhutva yudhyasva vigata-jvarah
Therefore, surrendering all your works unto Me, with mind intent on the self, free from desire and possessiveness, and cured of mental fever, fight.
- •Act without personal agenda
- •Freedom from mental anxiety
Spiritual effort is never wasted
Partha naiveha namutra vinashas tasya vidyate, na hi kalyana-krit kashchid durgatim tata gacchati
O Arjuna, neither in this world nor in the next is there destruction for such a person. Never does one who does good come to grief.
- •Good actions always bear fruit
- •No sincere seeker is lost
Divine presence ensures success
Yatra yogeshvarah krishno yatra partho dhanur-dharah, tatra shrir vijayo bhutir dhruva nitir matir mama
Wherever there is Krishna, the master of all mystics, and wherever there is Arjuna, the supreme archer, there will also certainly be opulence, victory, extraordinary power, and morality.
- •Unity of devotion and action brings victory
- •Righteousness combined with skill is invincible
Sensory experiences are temporary
Matra-sparshas tu kaunteya shitoshna-sukha-duhkha-dah, agamapayino 'nityas tams titikshasva bharata
O son of Kunti, the contact between the senses and sense objects gives rise to fleeting perceptions of happiness and distress. These are impermanent, and come and go like the winter and summer seasons. O descendant of Bharata, one must learn to tolerate them without being disturbed.
- •Develop tolerance for discomfort
- •Don't be swayed by passing phenomena
Equanimity in pleasure and pain
Duhkhesv anudvigna-manah sukhesu vigata-sprhah, vita-raga-bhaya-krodhah sthita-dhir munir ucyate
One who is not disturbed in spite of miseries, who doesn't crave happiness, and who is free from attachment, fear, and anger, is called a sage of steady mind.
- •Freedom from reactive emotions
- •Mental stability through detachment
Knowledge is the highest purifier
Na hi jnanena sadrisham pavitram iha vidyate, tat svayam yoga-samsiddhah kalenatmani vindati
In this world, there is nothing so sublime and pure as transcendental knowledge. Such knowledge is the mature fruit of all mysticism. One who has become accomplished in yoga finds it within their own self in due course of time.
- •Wisdom comes through practice
- •Inner realization through discipline
Inner joy transcends external pleasures
Bahya-sparseshv asaktatma vindaty atmani yat sukham, sa brahma-yoga-yuktatma sukham akshayam ashnute
Those who are not attached to external sense pleasures realize divine bliss in the self. Being united with God through meditation, they experience unending happiness.
- •Divine connection brings lasting happiness
- •Detachment from senses leads to bliss
Mind attains perfect quietude
Yatroparamate chittam niruddham yoga-sevaya, yatra chaivatmanatmanam pashyann atmani tushyati
When the mind, restrained by the practice of yoga, attains quietude, and when beholding the self by the self, one is satisfied in the self.
- •Self-realization brings satisfaction
- •Seeing the self in the self
Complete absorption in the divine
Man-mana bhava mad-bhakto mad-yaji mam namaskuru, mam evaisyasi yuktvaivam atmanam mat-parayanah
Always think of Me, be devoted to Me, worship Me, and bow down to Me. Uniting yourself with Me in this way, with Me as your supreme goal, you will certainly come to Me.
- •Four-fold practice: think, devote, worship, bow
- •Assurance of attaining God